Integrated circuits, optical processors, and optical computing chips for acceleration of vector-matrix and matrix-matrix computation; integrated circuits, optical processors, and optical computing chips for artificial intelligence acceleration; system architectures for analog/digital hybrid computation; optical computing chips; optical modulators; optical memory; optics assemblies for propagation of vector and matrix data; downloadable software development kits for optical computing; downloadable software development kits for artificial intelligence applications using optical computing hardware; downloadable software for programming and operating optical processors and chips; integrated photonic circuits; semiconductor chips incorporating photonic components for data processing; neuromorphic computing hardware; computer hardware for neural network acceleration and machine learning applications; optical data processors; optical modulators and transceivers for use in photonic computing; recorded computer firmware sold as a component of integrated photonic devices for data processing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and neural network computations