Scientific and technological services and research and development relating thereto; research and development services in the fields of materials science, bioengineering, and additive manufacturing; scientific and technological consulting services related to innovative materials and manufacturing processes; design and development of new products for commercial and medical applications; technical project studies and analysis in the field of shape change materials and 4D printing technology; development and testing of novel materials with programmable properties; research into biocompatible and cytocompatible materials for various applications; design, research, and development of medical implants and devices utilizing shape change materials, including but not limited to treatments for scoliosis, intervertebral disk implants, sphincter implants, stem cell delivery systems, solutions for men's and women's health, erectile restoration devices, urological prosthetics, and hydrogel spacers; research and development of 4D printing technologies, including the creation of novel 4D printer nanocomposite inks, design of shape-changing nano-architectures, and development of near infra-red (NIR) and/or temperature responsive materials; scientific studies and analysis of cell growth and infiltration on 4D printed materials; research and development of controlled shape change mechanisms, including temperature-responsive and NIR-responsive materials; design and development of wireless, real-time, on-demand shape change biomaterials for medical and non-medical applications, including aerospace, sensors, and electronics; technical consulting services related to the integration of 4D printing technologies with existing 3D printing systems; research and development aimed at transforming various polymers and hydrogels into 4D shape change materials; scientific research in the field of tissue engineering and tissue replacement using 4D printed materials; development of minimally invasive medical devices utilizing shape change materials; technical project studies in the field of on-demand shape change control mechanisms, including magnetic and NIR shape change control, for both medical and industrial applications