Apparatus for blood analysis; Electrochemical sensors for determination of analyte concentrations in fluids for medical purposes; Flow cytometers and flow-based analyzers providing cell and particle analysis, detection, or counting for medical, clinical, medical diagnostic, and therapeutic uses; Flow cytometers for medical diagnostic uses; Hematology analyzers for medical diagnostic uses; Immunochemical testing apparatus for medical use; Medical diagnostic apparatus for analyzing and measuring electrolytes in the body; Medical diagnostic apparatus for testing DNA and RNA samples; Medical diagnostic apparatus for testing DNA/RNA; Medical diagnostic apparatus for testing biochemistry marker; Medical diagnostic apparatus for testing endocrine marker; Medical diagnostic apparatus for testing antibiotics; Medical diagnostic apparatus for testing growth bacteria; Medical diagnostic apparatus for testing blood cell; Medical diagnostic apparatus for testing protein; Medical diagnostic apparatus for testing virus; Medical diagnostic apparatus for testing antibody; Medical diagnostic apparatus for testing urine sediment; Medical instruments for analysing and identifying bacteria; Medical instruments, namely, biosensors for detecting infectious diseases; Sample preparation device for medical diagnostic uses