Data processing apparatus; Computers; Quantum computers; Semi-conductors; Electronic integrated circuits; Recorded computer programs for use in the field of quantum computing; Recorded computer programs for machine learning; Recorded computer programs for solving and sampling problems related to binary quadratic model problems, Quantum Hamiltonian problems, and other problems related to the operation and functionality of quantum computers; Downloadable computer programs for use in the field of quantum computing; Downloadable computer programs for machine learning; Downloadable computer programs for solving and sampling problems related to binary quadratic model problems, Quantum Hamiltonian problems, and other problems related to the operation and functionality of quantum computers; Downloadable computer software development tools for use in the field of quantum computing; Recorded computer software platforms for use in the field of quantum computing; Downloadable computer software platforms for use in the field of quantum computing; Electronic devices for learning, namely, tablet computers, personal digital assistants and notebook computers adapted for assisting people learning; Electronic devices for teaching, namely, tablet computers, personal digital assistants and notebook computers adapted for assisting people teaching; Downloadable computer software for constructing, analysing and running quantum programs, quantum algorithms, and quantum instruction language; Downloadable computer software for quantum programming and developing and testing quantum algorithms; Downloadable computer software for quantum computing; Computer chips; Computer central processing units; Downloadable compiler software; Downloadable data processing software; Downloadable computer software for developing quantum virtual machines