Pharmaceutical formulations and preparations to treat acute and chronic health conditions related to gastrointestinal, inflammatory, metabolic, endocrine, immunological, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, cardiopulmonary, genitourinary, oncological, hepatological, respiratory, neurological, psychiatric, dermatological, and viral diseases and disorders; Pharmaceutical compositions in liquid form, namely, liquid compositions containing protease inhibitors, to treat health conditions, diseases, and disorders related to the gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal permeability, the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier, gastrointestinal inflammation, the gastrointestinal immune system, the microbiome, and the gut-brain axis; Pharmaceutical formulations and preparations to treat or prevent surgical complications and postsurgical complications; Pharmaceutical formulations and preparations to treat or prevent shock, namely, acute shock, cardiogenic shock, septic shock, hemorrhagic shock, and shock associated with hypoperfusion; Pharmaceutical formulations and preparations to treat or prevent gastrointestinal dysfunction, gastrointestinal tract injuries, ileus, and adhesions; Pharmaceutical formulations and preparations to accelerate the time to return of bowel function in patients undergoing abdominal surgery; Pharmaceutical formulations to reduce the formation of adhesions following abdominal or pelvic surgery; Pharmaceutical formulations and preparations to treat or prevent multiorgan failure; Pharmaceutical formulations and preparations to treat or prevent health conditions, diseases, and disorders related to intestinal permeability, the microbiome, and the gut-brain axis