Apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating, storing or controlling electricity; batteries; battery cells; battery modules; battery packs; galvanic batteries; lithium-ion batteries; fuel cells; batteries for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles; battery chargers for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles; industrial batteries; energy storage systems comprised primarily of lithium-ion battery cells, also including structural enclosures, thermal management systems, electrical and wiring systems, and control systems; battery chargers; holders for electric coils; battery cases; voltmeters for electric batteries for land, air and water vehicles; battery monitors for land, air and water vehicles; electronic control units for batteries for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles; battery state detectors for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles; grids for batteries, namely, conductive grids for batteries; component parts of batteries, namely, internal frames for the purpose of providing structural durability; component parts of batteries, namely, vent caps; component parts of batteries, namely, plates for batteries; component parts of batteries, namely, terminals for batteries; electricity indicators; battery systems, comprised primarily of batteries and battery cells for providing backup power, for vehicular energy storage systems; parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods; downloadable computer software for use with battery monitoring, battery diagnostic, and battery safety devices to monitor the performance of a battery; downloadable mobile application software for use with battery monitoring, battery diagnostic, and battery safety devices to monitor the performance of a battery; downloadable mobile application software for education relating to battery technology; control software, namely, software for controlling battery systems; computer programs for controlling batteries for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles