Apparatus and instruments for measurement of physical, chemical or element material properties of solids and liquids, namely, potentiostats, impedance analyzers, dielectric analyzers, and frequency response analyzers for use in connection with measurements of corrosion mechanisms and properties thereof, measurements of sensors and properties thereof, measurements of energy storage devices and properties thereof including charge/discharge coulometry, state of health, state of charge, impedance characterization, characterization of electrode materials, and dielectric measurements of a range of materials including polymers, ceramics and semiconductors, including measurements associated with temperature measurements and heating/ cooling samples in cryostats and ovens. Apparatus and instruments for characterization of frequency response of servo mechanisms, switch mode power supplies, and other investigations that require knowledge of voltage transfer function in a system. Software for operation and use with any of the aforesaid goods, namely, computer software used to collect, process and display measurement data, and downloadable software for operating the aforesaid goods and analyzing measurement data for use with the aforesaid goods