Scientific research and development, unrelated to renewable energy, carried out by and for member organizations comprising U.S. industry, academic and national laboratories, namely design for re-x (reuse, recycling, recovery, remanufacturing) in closed-loop supply chains, system analysis, remanufacturing, recycling and materials optimization, for reducing embodied-energy and decreasing carbon emissions in U.S. materials manufacturing, namely early stage research and development carried out by member organizations to reduce the energy consumed during a product's life cycle, including energy consumed while in use and in the disposal or remanufacture of the product, and carbon emissions associated with industrial-scale materials production and processing