Hardware and software for use with diagnostic instrumentation to detect the presence and concentration of a chemical compound or analyte in an in vivo or an in vitro sample; hardware and software for use in non-invasive, minimally invasive and invasive medical devices, systems and controllers; hardware and software for detecting, characterizing, monitoring and predicting events of interest in electromagnetic, acoustic, magnetic, mechanical, vibration, text, video and gravitational data acquired using spectral, spatial, temporal, biometric, holographic, radiological, geolocation, fluidic flow and spatio-temporal sensors in analog and digital domain; signal and data enhancement and solutions, all related to the foregoing, offered in firmware, embedded software, cloud-based software and mobile solutions, namely, software for transmitting images and data; hardware and software for enhancing data from stand-off, contact and remote sensors; hardware and software for use in signal-to-noise enhancement, clutter-rejection, encryption, biometrics, authentication, access management, privacy management, control, diagnostics, prognostics and interoperability applications; hardware and software for controlling microelectromechanical systems, biosensors, smart materials, elastomeric materials and memory-materials