Power supplies; batteries and battery chargers; charging appliances for powering or charging portable electronic devices or batteries; cases and holders for use in powering or charging portable electronic devices or batteries; electronic and other components, such as coils, shields, microcontrollers, or combinations or modules thereof, for use in charging appliances or portable electronic devices or batteries for use in powering or charging thereof; electric vehicles and components thereof that enable the vehicle to be powered or charged using induction; charging stations for charging electric vehicles; computer software and firmware for use with power supplies in powering or charging portable electrical or electronic devices or batteries using induction; portable electronic devices that can be powered or charged using induction, such as mobile telephones, computers, music players, cameras, medical devices, dental devices, or toys; research and development in the field of inductive powering or charging; technological consultation in the field of inductive powering or charging