Vehicle or personnel tracking or identification devices in the form of beacons and multi spectral beacons, including the aforesaid incorporating emitters for thermal infrared and near infrared wavebands; stand-alone beacons or beacons for affixing to buildings, vehicles, persons or military targets to aid identification and location thereof; identification markings and vehicle beacons made from materials detectable using thermal/infrared or night vision imaging systems or detectors; thermal infrared signalling devices in the form of and for use as identification markings and patches for affixing to vehicles, persons or equipment to aid identification, tracking and location, namely, a battery powered device that emits a thermal infrared signal detectable by thermal imagers; protective clothing and headgear incorporating integrated multi spectral beacons to aid identification and location, namely, protective bullet, ballistic, impact, fire and stab resistant clothing, military combat helmets, protective helmets; multi spectral beacons for affixing to protective clothing and headgear and other military, security or defense equipment to aid identification and location