Optical networking transmissions systems consisting of Ethernet switches, synchronous optical network (SONET) switches, synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) switches, optical transport network (OTN) switches, and photonic switches; [ asynchronous transfer mode ATM switches; ] dense wavelength division multiplexers; time division multiplexing TDM and time division multiplexing TDM-like multiplexers, optical transport network (OTN) switches, Ethernet switches and optical switches for amplification and transmission of voice, video, data and network traffic; computer hardware for telecommunications and computer networking hardware, namely, optical loop aggregation and core transport platforms, wavelength management services platforms, tunable transponders, bi-directional line switched ring (BLSR), unidirectional path-switched ring (UPSR), optical unidirectional path-switched ring (OUPSR) and photonic ring and mesh platforms; [ telecommunications software used for providing, controlling and monitoring the operation of network elements, namely, re-configurable add/drop multiplexers, wavelength division multiplexers, fiber optic multiplexers, optical amplifiers, transmitters, receivers and routers for the transmission, switching, and management of voice, data and video signals and for photonic networking, optical bandwidth management, high-capacity integrated transport and access, and multiservice switching in a telecommunications network; ] and [ networking plug-in cards, namely, line cards, switch cards, multiplexer cards, transponder cards and demultiplexer cards for use in connection with the transmission, protection and management of voice, data and video signals ] [ ; Control plane software for the management of optical networking transmissions systems when configured in large networks; computer software for the design, planning, and management of the optical networking transmissions systems ]