Heat exchange, heating, reaction and purification apparatus for gases and liquids for industrial purposes, the aforesaid apparatus included in this class, in particular for the production of ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, ethylene dichloride; chemical processing plants, consisting of apparatus and system components, for the use in natural gas chemistry, petroleum chemistry and coal chemistry, in particular for the production of olefins and aromatics; chemical refinement apparatus for treating and processing liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons, in particular naphtha, ethane, hydrocarbons obtained from biomass, in particular pyrolysis oil, the aforesaid apparatus included in this class; apparatus for generating cracked gas, as far as included in this class; furnaces for industrial use and reactors being industrial chemical plants, in particular for the cracking of hydrocarbons, in particular using steam as diluent, in particular for the production of gas, in particular for the production of cracked gas or synthesis gas; cracking furnaces, for use in the following fields: production of olefins and aromatics; electric furnaces [for industrial purposes], in particular for cracking of hydrocarbons, and their components, and in particular including feed preheaters, water vapor generators, cracking tube boxes, transformers, controllers, power circuits interrupters and cracked gas coolers; apparatus, for the generation of water vapor; electric furnaces for industrial purposes for cracking hydrocarbons, with electrically heated cracking tubes, in particular for producing cracked gas; electrically heated cracking furnaces for the production of olefins and aromatics from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons and water vapor, in particular with electrically heated cracking tubes; electric furnaces for industrial purposes, in particular for cracking hydrocarbons, with tubes made of metal to be inductively heated; electric furnaces for industrial purposes, in particular for cracking hydrocarbons, with tubes with heating elements to be electrically heated; heat exchange apparatus (other than parts of machines), for the heating or the vaporization of liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons; heat exchange apparatus, (other than parts of machines) for the cooling of cracked gas.