Apparatus for recording or reproduction of sound and images; cash registers, calculators, data processors, computers and computer hardware; intelligent computer peripheral accessories, namely, expansion, communication and microchip cards; electronic equipment for access to digital data and for the exchange, diagnosis, analysis, encryption and security of digital data in the fields of digital security and digital media, namely digital signal processors, digital input and output scanners; devices, namely, smart card readers, smart card terminals, biometric readers, contactless readers, electronic passport readers, and electronic ID-card readers for combining microchip cards with computer peripheral equipment and terminal equipment; computer hardware, namely interfaces between microprocessor identification cards and personal computers, automatic vending machines and sales point terminals; computer software for interfacing between microprocessor identification cards and personal computers, automatic vending machines and sales point terminals; blank electronic chip cards; encoded electronic chip cards containing programming used to store personal identification numbers and encryption keys; chip card readers; encoded smartcards containing programming used for time recording and for physical and logical access control; computer interface boards for time recording and for physical and logical access control; software for chip card readers and for computer interface boards for time recording and for physical and logical access control; computer software and computer hardware for reading and for encrypting credit cards, prepaid cards and identification cards; reading devices for memory cards, chip set interfaces and memory cards, namely, flash memory cards; computer hardware, namely, cases for memory cards; computer software for enabling flash memory chips to emulate rotating magnetic and optical data carriers