Scientific, measuring and optical apparatus and instruments, biosensing apparatus, namely, analyzers for detecting, measuring and investigating interactions of molecules and biological agents in terms of strength, speed and specificity, including defining parameters such as affinity, kinetic constants, concentrations, binding patterns and multi-component complex formation; optical chemical and biochemical sensors for detecting target substances in gases and liquids, for high throughput screening of interactions between molecules; apparatus, namely, analyzers for investigation of displacement, thickness, structure and relief of biological or chemical samples, namely, protein and DNA samples and other organic and inorganic materials, namely, glass, plastic, silicon and semiconductor samples materials; computer peripherals, computer hardware and software for administration of biomolecular or sample thickness data; laboratory equipment, namely, cuvettes, tubes, biochips, micro-arrays and microtiter plates consisting of a solid-phase medium with immobilized receptors for scientific purposes for detection of molecular interactions and parts therefor