Computer programs for providing security functions for and across various operating environments, platforms, networks and network protocols; computer programs for providing access control functions for and across various operating environments, platforms, networks and network protocols; computer programs for providing integrity functions for and across various operating environments, platforms, networks, and network protocols; computer programs for providing digital signature and electronic authentication and verification functions for and across various operating environments, platforms, networks and network protocols; computer programs for providing identification functions across various operating environments, platforms and networks and network protocols; computer programs for providing security functions for electronic transactions and media content across operating environments, multiple platforms and networks; computer programs for providing security functions for electronic transactions and media content across wireless and satellite networks; computer programs for providing policy enforcement functions across various operating environments, platforms and networks and network protocols; computer programs for providing email security and email and content scanning functions across various operating environments, platforms and networks; computer programs used in connection with printed materials, namely cards and security grids, for two-factor authentication across various operating environments, platforms and networks and network protocols