Semiconductors, optical semiconductors, microwave semiconductors, compound semiconductors, diodes, transistors, gallium arsenide field-effect transistors, standard cells, integrated circuits, integrated circuit packages, application specific integrated circuits, hybrid integrated circuits, large scale integration circuits, gate arrays, computer memories, micro computers, read only memories, random access memories, static random access memories, dynamic random access memories, programmable read only memories, erasable programmable read only memories, electrically erasable programmable read only memories, field programmable read only memories, microcomputers, central processing units, micro processors, charge-coupled devices, printed wiring boards, capacitors, variable resistors, keyboards, electrical connectors, computer software for use in designing integrated circuits, relays, electroluminscent lighting panels, liquid crystal displays, light emitting diode displays, computer connecting boards and connectors for conjunction with computer peripherals