computer programs for use in analyzing and visualizing nucleic acid, protein, and phage information and expression; computer programs for use in database management, integration and manipulation; computer programs for use in characterization of nucleic acid and protein information; computer programs for use in analyzing chemical structure and activity information; computer programs for use in acquisition and interrogation of clinical, pathological, diagnostic, genetic, genomic and biochemical data; computer programs for use in clinical trial design and management; computer programs for use in text and pattern recognition; computer programs for storage, retrieval and analysis of life sciences literature; computer programs for use in managing robot function; computer programs for use in processing toxicological and pharmacological information; computer programs for laboratory instrument control; computer programs for use in control of sample input to mass spectrometers; computer programs for use in spectral analysis; pre-recorded CD-ROMs featuring databases containing life sciences information; pre-configured microprocessors for analysis and storage of life sciences information; computer programs for use in the management, storage, retrieval, and analysis for data in the discovery and development of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic medical products; computer programs for use in identifying and characterizing proteins; computer programs for use in controlling mass spectrometers; computer programs for use in spectral analysis; computer programs for use in controlling affinity capture optical biosensors; computer programs for use in analyzing and characterizing plasmon resonance; computer programs for use in controlling liquid chromatography instruments; computer programs for use in analyzing chromatograms; computer programs for use in controlling microfluidics; computer programs for use in controlling single-dimension and multi-dimensional electrophoresis and visualizing and analyzing electrophoretic results; computer programs for use in protein analysis and spectral processing; computer programs for use in analyzing, managing, and visualizing nucleic acid and amino acid sequences