Electronic and optical apparatus and instruments, namely, optical signal processors, light sources and detectors, optical cables, optical cameras, optical probes, and apparatus for calibrating optical systems; computer programs, namely, computer programs having deterministic algorithms for generating indications of cancers and precancers from optical measurements, computer programs having statistical algorithms and related data bases for generating indications of cancers and precancers from optical measurements, computer programs and related data bases for aiding the diagnosis of cancers and precancers from optical measurements, and computer programs for calibrating optical systems; disposable and consumable apparatus and materials, namely, optical calibration forms and targets, covers having optical windows, optical modules, lens assemblies, light guides, optical coupling materials, and optically interactive materials contained in the foregoing that are for use with optical cameras and probes; computer programs and manuals for instructing persons in the use and operation, maintenance, dianosis, repair, or replacement of any of the foregoing; and systems that include one or more of the foregoing

Medical apparatus and instruments and parts thereof, namely, medical imaging apparatus for irradiating tissue and detecting and processing light from irradiated tissue that is indicative of cancers and precancers and for identifying or aiding the diagnosis of cancers and precancers, and optical cameras and probes for tissue investigation; disposable and consumable medical articles for use with any of the foregoing, namely protective coverings; and systems that include one or more of the foregoing